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Calculating reference intervals for laboratory measurements

Department of Statistics and Modelling Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK and Scottish Centre for Infection and Environmental Health, Glasgow, UK, eileen{at}stams.strath.ac.uk

Patrick Royston

Department of Medical Statistics and Evaluation, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK

Reference intervals are used in laboratory medicine to detect measurements which are extreme, possibly abnormal. Methods of estimating reference intervals and age-specific reference intervals (where the measurement is dependent on a covariate, typically age) are reviewed. The issues of calculating confidence bands, determining appropriate sample sizes and assessing goodness-of-fit are discussed.

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